Haaland: Standing, or why didn't the entire case have to come through state court

Haaland v. Brackeen rejected (7-2) a constitutional challenge to the Indian Child Welfare Act. The relevant plaintiffs were the State of Texas and three sets of adoptive, foster, or birth parents; the defendants were the Secretary of the Interior and various federal officials; the lawsuit was filed in federal district court. The Court rejected the challenge to the placement-preference provision for lack of standing, finding that an injunction or DJ as to the validity of that provision would not redress the plaintiffs' injuries; any injuries arose from the action of state judges applying ICWA and state officials enforce state-court orders, none of whom were parties to the case and none of whom were bound by any judgment. That the state officials likely would follow the federal court's opinion does not establish standing; in  music to my ears, Justice Barrett wrote "[i]t is a federal court’s judgment, not its opinion, that remedies an injury."

But the Court reached, and rejected, the merits of challenges to the entire statute under the Indian Commerce Clause and under Tenth Amendment anticommandeering to the requirements in involuntary proceedings; to placement preferences; and to certain record-keeping requirements. At least as to the latter two, the Court relied on anticommandeering's unique non-application to state courts, which must apply federal law in all cases before it as the supreme law of the land.

What I do not understand is how these plaintiffs had standing to bring a federal suit in federal district court to challenge any of these provisions on any grounds. All claims suffer the same redressability problems--the plaintiffs suffer an injury when non-party state judges apply ICWA to decide cases and non-party state officials enforce those judgments. So it seems to me this entire case should have had to come through state court--a state family court decides an adoption/placement case applying ICWA; the parents (and the State, if so inclined) argue that ICWA is constitutionally invalid and cannot be applied; the loser(s) appeal through the state system and ultimately to SCOTUS, which decides these constitutional issues in the course of reviewing a state judgment applying that law.